Practice Resources

The Practice Resource Section is a comprehensive offering for pharmacist seeking to establish or optimize pharmacy services within the Emergency Department (ED) and includes a wealth of information, articles, sample documents, and resources to enhance medication safety, streamline medication histories, implement antibiotic stewardship, improve discharge processes, and other Emergency Medicine initiatives.

 

ASHP Featured Resources

• ASHP Guidelines on Emergency Medicine Pharmacist Services
• ASHP Statement on the Role of the Pharmacy Workforce in Emergency Preparedness
• Women in Pharmacy Leadership

Establishing Pharmacy Services in the Emergency Department

Handouts

• Researching the use of Emergency Pharmacists in the ED (2008)
• Justification for the Emergency Pharmacist (2007)
• Role of the Emergency Pharmacist (2007)
• Implementing an Emergency Pharmacist into the ED (2007)
• Designing and Implementing an EM Pharmacist Program (2007)
• Clinical Pharmacy Services in the Emergency Department (2007)
• Emergency Pharmacists: Tools and Measures (2007)
• Emergency Pharmacist Outcomes Study (2007)
• Administrative Implementation of Emergency Medicine Pharmacy Services (2006)
• Establishing Emergency Department Pharmacy Services and Pharmacist Impact (2015)
• Clinical Pharmacists in Emergency Medicine

Sample Documents

• Sample Job description for ED Pharmacist
• Sample Requirements for ED Pharmacist
• Justification Summary Document
• Establishing Emergency Medicine Pharmacy Services and Medication Safety

Practice Implementation

• The impact of an Emergency Medicine Clinical Pharmacist on nursing satisfaction (Int J Clin Pharm 2019)
• Variable in training, practice, and prioritization of services among emergency medicine pharmacists (Am J Health Syst Pharm 2019)
• Direct patient care activities and interventions of emergency medicine pharmacists (Int J Clin Pharm 2019)
• A study of time saved by emergency medicine physicians through working with clinical pharmacists in the emergency department (Am J Emerg Med 2019)
• Roles of the Emergency Medicine Pharmacist: A Systematic Review (Am J Health Syst Pharm 2018)
• Clinical pharmacy services in the emergency department (Am J Emerg Med 2018)
• A survey of staff perceptions of an Emergency Medicine Pharmacist program in a community hospital: a brief report (Ann Emerg Med 2017)
• Emergency medicine pharmacists on an international scale (Emerg Med J 2017)
• Initiation of an emergency department pharmacy program during economically challenging times (AJHP 2012)
• Establishing emergency department clinical pharmacy services  (AJHP 2010)
• Strategies for Implementing Emergency Department Pharmacy Services: Results from the 2007 ASHP Patient Care Impact Program (AJHP 2010)
• Implementing a Comprehensive, 24-hour Emergency Department Pharmacy Program (AJHP 2009)
• Expansion of pharmacists’ responsibilities in an emergency department (AJHP 2009)
• Documentation of Pharmacists Interventions in an Emergency Department and Associated Cost Avoidance (AJHP 2007)
• Clinical Pharmacy Services in an Emergency Department (AJHP 2004)
• Prioritizing pharmacy services in the emergency department (AJHP 1997)
• Twenty-four Hour Emergency Pharmaceutical Services (AJHP 1985)
• Emergency-room Services for a Community Health Center (AJHP 1981)
• Comprehensive pharmaceutical services in the emergency room (AJHP 1979)
• The clinical pharmacist in emergency medicine (AJHP 1977)
• Documentation of clinical and cost-saving pharmacy interventions in the emergency room (Hosp Pharm 1993)
• Impact of clinical pharmacists in the emergency department of an Australian public hospital: A before and after study (Emerg Med Australas 2015)
• Documentation of pharmacist interventions in the emergency department (AJHP 2005)
• Evidence shows cost and patient safety benefits of emergency pharmacists (Am J Med Qual 2008)
• Staff Perceptions of an On-site Clinical Pharmacist Program in an Academic Emergency Department after One Year (West J Emerg Med 2014)
• ASHP guidelines on emergency medicine pharmacist services (AJHP 2011)
• Evaluating and classifying pharmacists' quality interventions in the emergency department (AJHP 2011)
• Impact of Clinical Pharmacy Specialists on the Design and Implementation of a Quality Improvement Initiative to Decrease Inappropriate Medications in a Veterans Affairs Emergency Department (J Manag Care Spec Pharm 2016)
• Impact of clinical pharmacy services in a short stay unit of a hospital emergency department in Qatar (Int J Clin Pharm 2016)
• Partnered medication review and charting between the pharmacist and medical officer in the Emergency Short Stay and General Medicine Unit (AustralasEmerg Nurs J 2015)
• The effect of pharmacist-led medication review in high-risk patients in the emergency department: an evaluation protocol (CMAJ Open 2015)
• Impact of clinical pharmacists in the emergency department of an Australian public hospital: A before and after study (Emerg Med Australas 2015)
• ASHP Guidelines on Emergency Medicine Pharmacist Services (2021)
• Development of an emergency medicine pharmacy intensity score tool (AJHP 2023)
• Clinical Pharmacist Services in the Emergency Department (Ann Emerg Med 2021)
• The Role of Clinical Pharmacists in the Emergency Department (J Med Toxicol 2018)
• Clinical relevance of pharmacist intervention in an emergency department (Emerg Med J 2017)
• A national survey of emergency pharmacy practice in the United States (AJHP 2016)
• Pharmacists in the emergency department: Encouraging and discouraging findings (AJHP 2016)
• Development of an emergency medicine pharmacy intensity score tool (AJHP 2023)
• Clinical Pharmacist Services in the Emergency Department (Ann Emerg Med 2021)
• The Role of Clinical Pharmacists in the Emergency Department (J Med Toxicol 2018)
• Clinical relevance of pharmacist intervention in an emergency department (Emerg Med J 2017)
• A national survey of emergency pharmacy practice in the United States (AJHP 2016)
• Pharmacists in the emergency department: Encouraging and discouraging findings (AJHP 2016)

Medication Safety

• Effect of pharmacist-led task force to reduce opioid prescribing in the emergency department (Am J Health Syst Pharm 2019)
• Pediatric medication safety in the emergency department (Pediatrics 2018)
• Effect of emergency medicine pharmacists on medication-error reporting in an emergency department (AJHP 2010)
• Effect of pharmacist on medication errors in an emergency department (AJHP 2008)
• Medication errors recovered by emergency department pharmacists (Ann Emerg Med 2010)
• Forging a New Path to Medication Safety with Emergency Pharmacists (J Patient Safety 2008)
• Emergency Hospitalizations in Adverse Drug Events in Older Americans (N Engl J Med 2011)
• Severity and probability of harm of medication errors intercepted by an emergency department pharmacist (Int J Pharm Pract 2011)
• Drug safety at admission to emergency department: an innovative model for PRIOritizing patients for MEdication Reconciliation (PRIOMER) (Eur J Emerg Med 2017)
• The safety of emergency medicine (Emerg Med J 2016)
• The effect on potential adverse drug events of a pharmacist-acquired medication history in an emergency department: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, controlled, parallel-group study [BMC Health Serv Res]

Medication Histories/Reconciliation

• Implementation and impact of pharmacist-initiated home medication ordering in an emergency department observation unit (J Pharm Pract 2019)
• Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of pharmacist-led medication reconciliation in the community after hospital discharge (BMJ Qual Saf 2018)
• Medication reconciliation in the emergency department (AJHP 2008)
• Pharmacist elicited medication histories in the Emergency Department: Identifying patient groups at risk of medication misadventure (Pharm Pract 2007)
• Pharmacist-conducted medication reconciliation in an emergency department (AJHP 2007)
• Pharmacist-acquired medication histories in a university hospital emergency department (AJHP 2006)
• Medication reconciliation by a pharmacist in the emergency department: a pilot project (Can J Hosp Pharm 2009)
• The effect of pharmacist-led medication review in high-risk patients in the emergency department: an evaluation protocol (CMAJ Open 2015)
• Emergency pharmacy practice and medication reconciliation (AJHP 2014)
• A multicentre, double-blind, randomised, controlled, parallel-group study of the effectiveness of a pharmacist-acquired medication history in an emergency department (BMC Health Serv Res 2013)
• Effectiveness of pharmacist-led medication reconciliation programmes on clinical outcomes at hospital transitions: a systematic review and meta-analysis (BMJ Open 2015)
• Medication histories by pharmacy technicians and physicians in an emergency department (Int J Clin Pharm 2015)
• Medication Reconciliation Practices in Canadian Emergency Departments: A National Survey (Can J Hosp Pharm 2015)
• Evaluation of the influence of a pharmacist-led patient-centered medication therapy management and reconciliation service in collaboration with emergency department physicians (J Manag Care Spec Pharm 2015)
• Improving admission medication reconciliation with pharmacists or pharmacy technicians in the emergency department: a randomised controlled trial (BMJ Qual Saf 2018)

Prospective Order Review

• Implementation of a 24-hour pharmacy service with prospective medication review in the emergency department (Hosp Pharm 2015)

Antimicrobial Therapy and Stewardship

• Emergency medicine clinical pharmacist’s impact on ordering of vancomycin loading doses (Am J Emerg Med 2019)
• Impact of an emergency medicine pharmacist on empiric antibiotic prescribing for pneumonia and intra-abdominal infections (Am J Emerg Med 2019)
• Pharmacist-led antimicrobial stewardship program in an urgent care setting (Am J Health Syst Pharm 2019)
• Pharmacists provide guidance on ED antimicrobial use (AJHP 2014)
• Emergency pharmacist impact on health care-associated pneumonia empiric therapy (J Pharm Pract 2013)
• Optimizing antimicrobial therapy through a pharmacist-managed culture review process in the ED (Am J Emerg Med 2014)
• Pharmacist addition to the post-ED visit review of discharge antimicrobial regimens (Am J Emerg Med 2014)
• Emergency medicine pharmacists and sepsis management (J Pharm Pract 2013)
• Pharmacist-managed antimicrobial stewardship program for patients discharged from the emergency department (J Pharm Pract 2012)
• Antimicrobial stewardship in the emergency department (J Pharm Pract 2011)
• Effect of a pharmacist-managed culture review process on antimicrobial therapy in an emergency department (AJHP 2011)
• Impact of an emergency medicine pharmacist on antibiotic dosing adjustment (Am J Emerg Med 2016)
• Pharmacist-driven antimicrobial optimization in the emergency department (AJHP 2016)
• Dosing of Appropriate Antibiotics and Time to Administration of First Doses in the Pediatric Emergency Department (J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2015)
• Antimicrobial stewardship in Australian emergency departments (Emerg Med Australas 2015)
• Antimicrobial Stewardship in the Emergency Department: Challenges, Opportunities, and a Call to Action for Pharmacists (Journal of Pharmacy Practice 2015)

Procedural Sedation, Rapid Sequence Intubation & Post-Intubation Sedation

• Pharmacists' role in procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department (AJHP 2012)
• Rapid-sequence intubation and the role of the emergency department pharmacist (AJHP 2011)
• Procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department (J Pharm Pract 2011)
• Impact of Clinical Pharmacists on Initiation of Postintubation Analgesia in the Emergency Department (J Emerg Med 2016)

Discharge Prescription Review

• An unmet need meets an untapped resource: pharmacist-led pathways for hypertension management for emergency department patients (Curr Hypertens Rep 2019)
• Emergency Department Discharge Prescription Interventions by Emergency Medicine Pharmacists (Ann Emerg Med 2013)

Trauma

• Pharmacist presence decreases time to prothrombin complex concentrate in emergency department patients with life-threatening bleeding and urgent procedures (J Emerg Med 2019)
• Impact of a pharmacist-driven prothrombin complex concentrate protocol on time to administration in patients with warfarin-associated intracranial hemorrhage (West J Emerg Med 2019)
• Impact of an Emergency Medicine Pharmacy on initial antibiotic prophylaxis for open fractures in trauma patients (Am J Emerg Med 2018)
• Early involvement of the emergency department pharmacist in severe trauma (Emerg Med Australas 2018)
• The role of the emergency pharmacist in trauma resuscitation (J Pharm Pract 2011)
• Pharmacist's activities on a trauma response team in the emergency department (AJHP 2010)
• Preliminary national survey of pharmacist involvement in trauma resuscitation (AJHP 2009)
• Pharmacist's impact on acute pain management during trauma resuscitation (J Trauma Nurs 2015)
• Effect of a pharmacist on timing of postintubation sedative and analgesic use in trauma resuscitations (AJHP 2013)

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation & Rapid Response

• Hospitals see value in adding pharmacists to rapid-response teams (AJHP 2009)
• Pharmacists as Members of the Rapid Response Team (J Pharm Pract 2016)
• Pharmacist participation in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (AJHP 2005)

Stroke

• Emergency Medicine Pharmacist impact on door-to-needle time in patients with acute ischemic stroke (Neurohospitalist 2018)
• Pharmacy resident participation with a 24-hour multidisciplinary stroke response team (AJHP 2010)
• Successful stroke-response team relies on pharmacists (AJHP 2007)
• Pharmacist Impact on Ischemic Stroke Care in the Emergency Department (J Emerg Med 2016) 

 Recruitment

• Grade-point averages and class rankings in evaluation of pharmacy residency applicants (Am J Health Syst Pharm 2010)
• Impact of PhORCAS references on overall application score for postgraduate year 1 pharmacy residency candidates (Am J Health Syst Pharm 2020)
• Grade point average is an inappropriate measure of a residency candidate's knowledge and skills (JACCP 2019)
• Rethinking letters of reference: Narrowing the gap between evidence and practice (Am J Health Syst Pharm 2021)